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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Liunx常用命令整理</h1>
        

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        <blockquote>
<p>Linux常用命令整理</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="一、常用教程"><a href="#一、常用教程" class="headerlink" title="一、常用教程"></a>一、常用教程</h4><p><a href="http://man.linuxde.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://man.linuxde.net/</a></p>
<p><a href="https://linuxtools-rst.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://linuxtools-rst.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html</a></p>
<h4 id="二、Linux文件系统"><a href="#二、Linux文件系统" class="headerlink" title="二、Linux文件系统"></a>二、Linux文件系统</h4><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">常见目录说明：</span><br><span class="line">   /bin： 存放二进制可执行文件(ls,cat,mkdir等)，常用命令一般都在这里；</span><br><span class="line">   /etc： 存放系统管理和配置文件 /etc/profile ；</span><br><span class="line">   /home： 存放所有用户文件的根目录，是用户主目录的基点，比如用户user的主目录就是/home/user，可以用~user表示；</span><br><span class="line">   /usr： 用于存放系统应用程序；</span><br><span class="line">   /opt： 额外安装的可选应用程序包所放置的位置。一般情况下，我们可以把tomcat等都安装到这里；</span><br><span class="line">   /proc： 虚拟文件系统目录，是系统内存的映射。可直接访问这个目录来获取系统信息；</span><br><span class="line">   /root： 超级用户（系统管理员）的主目录（特权阶级o）；</span><br><span class="line">   /sbin: 存放二进制可执行文件，只有root才能访问。这里存放的是系统管理员使用的系统级别的管理命令和程序。如ifconfig等；</span><br><span class="line">   /dev： 用于存放设备文件；</span><br><span class="line">   /mnt： 系统管理员安装临时文件系统的安装点，系统提供这个目录是让用户临时挂载其他的文件系统；</span><br><span class="line">   /boot： 存放用于系统引导时使用的各种文件；</span><br><span class="line">   /lib ： 存放着和系统运行相关的库文件 ；</span><br><span class="line">   /tmp： 用于存放各种临时文件，是公用的临时文件存储点；</span><br><span class="line">   /var： 用于存放运行时需要改变数据的文件，也是某些大文件的溢出区，比方说各种服务的日志文件（系统启动日志等。）等；</span><br><span class="line">   /lost+found： 这个目录平时是空的，系统非正常关机而留下“无家可归”的文件（windows下叫什么.chk）就在这里。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="三、Linux基本命令"><a href="#三、Linux基本命令" class="headerlink" title="三、Linux基本命令"></a>三、Linux基本命令</h4><h5 id="1-目录切换命令"><a href="#1-目录切换命令" class="headerlink" title="1.目录切换命令"></a>1.目录切换命令</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd usr： 切换到该目录下usr目录</span><br><span class="line">cd ..（或cd../）： 切换到上一层目录</span><br><span class="line">cd /： 切换到系统根目录</span><br><span class="line">cd ~： 切换到用户主目录</span><br><span class="line">cd -： 切换到上一个所在目录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="2-目录的操作命令（增删改查）"><a href="#2-目录的操作命令（增删改查）" class="headerlink" title="2.目录的操作命令（增删改查）"></a>2.目录的操作命令（增删改查）</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir命令用来创建一个目录或一个级联目录。</span><br><span class="line">1.命令格式</span><br><span class="line">　　mkdir [选项] 目录名</span><br><span class="line">2.命令选项</span><br><span class="line">　　-m=mode</span><br><span class="line">　　　　为目录指定访问权限，与chmod类似。</span><br><span class="line">　　-p　　如果目录已经存在，则不会有错误提示。若父目录不存在，将会创建父目录。该选项常用于创建级联目录。</span><br><span class="line">　　-v　　为每个目录显示提示信息。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ls或者ll（ll是ls -l的缩写，ll命令以看到该目录下的所有目录和文件的详细信息）：查看目录信息</span><br><span class="line">find 目录 参数： 寻找目录（查）</span><br><span class="line">示例：</span><br><span class="line">    列出当前目录及子目录下所有文件和文件夹: find .</span><br><span class="line">    在/home目录下查找以.txt结尾的文件名:find /home -name &quot;*.txt&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    同上，但忽略大小写: find /home -iname &quot;*.txt&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    当前目录及子目录下查找所有以.txt和.pdf结尾的文件:find . \( -name &quot;*.txt&quot; --name &quot;*.pdf&quot; \)或find . -name &quot;*.txt&quot; --name &quot;*.pdf&quot;</span><br><span class="line">mv 目录名称 新目录名称： 修改目录的名称（改）</span><br><span class="line">    注意：mv的语法不仅可以对目录进行重命名而且也可以对各种文件，压缩包等进行 重命名的操作。</span><br><span class="line">    mv命令用来对文件或目录重新命名，或者将文件从一个目录移到另一个目录中。</span><br><span class="line">mv 目录名称 目录的新位置： 移动目录的位置---剪切（改）</span><br><span class="line">    注意：mv语法不仅可以对目录进行剪切操作，对文件和压缩包等都可执行剪切操作。</span><br><span class="line">    另外mv与cp的结果不同，mv好像文件“搬家”，文件个数并未增加。而cp对文件进行复制，文件个数增加了。</span><br><span class="line">cp -r 目录名称 目录拷贝的目标位置： 拷贝目录（改），-r代表递归拷贝</span><br><span class="line">    注意：cp命令不仅可以拷贝目录还可以拷贝文件，压缩包等，拷贝文件和压缩包时不 用写-r递归</span><br><span class="line">rm [-rf] 目录: 删除目录（删）</span><br><span class="line">    注意：rm不仅可以删除目录，也可以删除其他文件或压缩包，为了增强大家的记忆，</span><br><span class="line">    无论删除任何目录或文件，都直接使用rm -rf 目录/文件/压缩包</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="3-文件的操作命令（增删改查）"><a href="#3-文件的操作命令（增删改查）" class="headerlink" title="3.文件的操作命令（增删改查）"></a>3.文件的操作命令（增删改查）</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">touch 文件名称: 文件的创建（增）</span><br><span class="line">cat /more/less/tail 文件名称 文件的查看（查）</span><br><span class="line">    cat： 只能显示最后一屏内容</span><br><span class="line">    more： 可以显示百分比，回车可以向下一行， 空格可以向下一页，q可以退出查看</span><br><span class="line">    less： 可以使用键盘上的PgUp和PgDn向上 和向下翻页，q结束查看</span><br><span class="line">    head -10 ： 查看文件的前10行，Ctrl+C结束</span><br><span class="line">    tail -10 ： 查看文件的后10行，Ctrl+C结束</span><br><span class="line">    注意：命令 tail -f 文件 可以对某个文件进行动态监控，例如tomcat的日志文件， 会随着程序的运行，日志会变化，</span><br><span class="line">    可以使用tail -f catalina-2016-11-11.log 监控 文 件的变化</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">vim 文件： 修改文件的内容（改）</span><br><span class="line">    vim编辑器是Linux中的强大组件，是vi编辑器的加强版，vim编辑器的命令和快捷方式有很多，这里列出一些常用命令。</span><br><span class="line">    在实际开发中，使用vim编辑器主要作用就是修改配置文件和编写shell脚本，下面是一般步骤：</span><br><span class="line">    vim 文件------&gt;进入文件-----&gt;命令模式------&gt;按i进入编辑模式-----&gt;编辑文件 -------&gt;按Esc进入底行模式-----&gt;输入:wq/q! （输入wq代表写入内容并退出，即保存；输入q!代表强制退出不保存。）</span><br><span class="line">    命令模式</span><br><span class="line">        用vim 打开一个文件刚开始进入的就是命令模式，在这个模式下我们可以控制光标的移动，字符，字或者行的删除，移动复制某段区域，在该模式下可以进入插入模式也可以进入底行模式。</span><br><span class="line">    编辑模式</span><br><span class="line">        在编辑模式下才可以插入文字，按Esc进入底行模式.</span><br><span class="line">    底行模式</span><br><span class="line">        在底行模式下保存文件或者退出vim</span><br><span class="line">vim常用命令：</span><br><span class="line">    1).移动光标</span><br><span class="line">        1.vim 可以使用小写英文字母 h j k l 分别控制光标左 下 上 右移动，也可以使用箭头</span><br><span class="line">        2.Ctrl+b 屏幕往后移动一页</span><br><span class="line">        3.Ctrl+f 屏幕往前移动一页</span><br><span class="line">        4.Ctrl+u 屏幕往后移动半页</span><br><span class="line">        5.Ctrl+d 屏幕往前移动半页</span><br><span class="line">        6.Shift+g == G 移动到文章的最后</span><br><span class="line">        7.Shift+4 == $ 移动到光标所在行的行尾</span><br><span class="line">        8.Shift+6 == ^ 移动到光标所在行的行首</span><br><span class="line">        9.w 光标跳到下个字的开头</span><br><span class="line">        10.e 光标跳到下个字的字尾</span><br><span class="line">        11.b 光标回到上个字的开头</span><br><span class="line">        12.#l  例如:5l ，56l 光标移动到该行的第&apos;#&apos;个位置</span><br><span class="line">        13.gg 进入到文本的开始</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    2).删除文字</span><br><span class="line">        1.x 每按一次删除光标所在位置的一个字符</span><br><span class="line">        2.#x 例子：6x 删除光标所在位置的&quot;后面&quot;(包含自己在内)6个字符</span><br><span class="line">        3.Shift+x == X 每按一次，删除光标所在位置的前一个字符</span><br><span class="line">        4.Shift+#x == #X 例子 20X 删除光标所在位置的前面20个字符</span><br><span class="line">        5.dd 删除光标所在行</span><br><span class="line">        6.#dd 例子 6dd 从光标所在行开始删除6行</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    3).复制</span><br><span class="line">        1.yw 将光标所在之处到字尾的字符复制到缓冲区中</span><br><span class="line">        2.#yw 例子 6yw 复制6个字符到缓冲区</span><br><span class="line">        3.yy 复制光标所在行到缓冲区</span><br><span class="line">        4.#yy 例子 6yy 拷贝从光标所在的该行&quot;往下数&quot;6行文字</span><br><span class="line">        5.p 将缓冲区内的字符贴到光标所在位置</span><br><span class="line">        注意：所有与y有关的复制命令都必须与p配合才能完成复制粘贴功能</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    4).替换</span><br><span class="line">        1.r 替换光标所在处的字符</span><br><span class="line">        2.R 替换光标所到之处的字符，知道按下Esc键为止.</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    5).撤销上一次的操作</span><br><span class="line">        u 回到上一个操作，按动多次&apos;u&apos;可以执行多次回复</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    6).更改</span><br><span class="line">        1.cw 更改光标所在处的字到字尾处</span><br><span class="line">        2.c#w 例子 c3w 表示更改三个字</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">    7).跳至指定行</span><br><span class="line">        1.Ctrl+g 列出光标所在行的行号</span><br><span class="line">        2.#G 例子 15G 表示移动光标到文章的第15行行首</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="4-压缩文件的操作命令"><a href="#4-压缩文件的操作命令" class="headerlink" title="4.压缩文件的操作命令"></a>4.压缩文件的操作命令</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">1).打包并压缩文件：</span><br><span class="line">    Linux中的打包文件一般是以.tar结尾的，压缩的文件一般是以.gz结尾的。</span><br><span class="line">    而一般情况下打包和压缩是一起进行的，打包并压缩后的文件的后缀名一般.tar.gz。 命令：tar -zcvf 打包压缩后的文件名 要打包压缩的文件 其中：</span><br><span class="line">    z：调用gzip压缩命令进行压缩</span><br><span class="line">    c：打包文件</span><br><span class="line">    v：显示运行过程</span><br><span class="line">    f：指定文件名</span><br><span class="line">    比如：加入test目录下有三个文件分别是 :aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt,如果我们要打包test目录并指定压缩后的压缩包名称为test.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">    可以使用命令：</span><br><span class="line">    tar -zcvf test.tar.gz aaa.txt bbb.txt ccc.txt</span><br><span class="line">    或：</span><br><span class="line">    tar -zcvf test.tar.gz /test/</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">2).解压压缩包：</span><br><span class="line">    命令：tar [-xvf] 压缩文件</span><br><span class="line">    其中：x：代表解压</span><br><span class="line">    示例：</span><br><span class="line">    1 将/test下的test.tar.gz解压到当前目录下可以使用命令：tar -xvf test.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">    2 将/test下的test.tar.gz解压到根目录/usr下:tar -xvf xxx.tar.gz -C /usr（- C代表指定解压的位置）</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="5-Linux的权限命令"><a href="#5-Linux的权限命令" class="headerlink" title="5.Linux的权限命令"></a>5.Linux的权限命令</h5><p>操作系统中每个文件都拥有特定的权限、所属用户和所属组。权限是操作系统用来限制资源访问的机制，在Linux中权限一般分为读(readable)、写(writable)和执行(excutable)，分为三组。分别对应文件的属主(owner)，属组(group)和其他用户(other)，通过这样的机制来限制哪些用户、哪些组可以对特定的文件进行什么样的操作。</p>
<p>通过 ls -l 命令我们可以 查看某个目录下的文件或目录的权限</p>
<p><img src="https://zj820382480.gitee.io/youdaoyun/image/886199-20181208123557919-1158645021.png?111" alt="image"></p>
<p>第一列的内容的信息解释如下：</p>
<p><img src="https://zj820382480.gitee.io/youdaoyun/image/886199-20181208123613024-1899561527.png?111" alt="image"></p>
<p>下面将详细讲解文件的类型、Linux中权限以及文件有所有者、所在组、其它组具体是什么？<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">文件类型：</span><br><span class="line">   d： 代表目录</span><br><span class="line">   -： 代表文件</span><br><span class="line">   l： 代表链接（可以认为是window中的快捷方式）</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Linux中权限分为以下几种：</span><br><span class="line">   r：代表权限是可读，r也可以用数字4表示</span><br><span class="line">   w：代表权限是可写，w也可以用数字2表示</span><br><span class="line">   x：代表权限是可执行，x也可以用数字1表示</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">文件和目录权限的区别：</span><br><span class="line">    对文件和目录而言，读写执行表示不同的意义。</span><br><span class="line">    对于文件：</span><br><span class="line">        权限名称    可执行操作</span><br><span class="line">        r   可以使用cat查看文件的内容</span><br><span class="line">        w   可以修改文件的内容</span><br><span class="line">        x   可以将其运行为二进制文件</span><br><span class="line">    对于目录：</span><br><span class="line">        权限名称    可执行操作</span><br><span class="line">        r   可以查看目录下列表</span><br><span class="line">        w   可以创建和删除目录下文件</span><br><span class="line">        x   可以使用cd进入目录</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>在linux中的每个用户必须属于一个组，不能独立于组外。在linux中每个文件有所有者、所在组、其它组的概念。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">所有者</span><br><span class="line">    一般为文件的创建者，谁创建了该文件，就天然的成为该文件的所有者，用ls ‐l命令可以看到文件的所有者 也可以使用chown 用户名 文件名来修改文件的所有者 。</span><br><span class="line">文件所在组</span><br><span class="line">    当某个用户创建了一个文件后，这个文件的所在组就是该用户所在的组 用ls ‐l命令可以看到文件的所有组 也可以使用chgrp 组名 文件名来修改文件所在的组。</span><br><span class="line">其它组</span><br><span class="line">    除开文件的所有者和所在组的用户外，系统的其它用户都是文件的其它组</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>我们再来看看如何修改文件/目录的权限。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">修改文件/目录的权限的命令：chmod</span><br><span class="line">    示例：修改/test下的aaa.txt的权限为属主有全部权限，属主所在的组有读写权限， 其他用户只有读的权限</span><br><span class="line">    chmod u=rwx,g=rw,o=r aaa.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://zj820382480.gitee.io/youdaoyun/image/886199-20181208123631086-250897879.png?111" alt="image"></p>
<p>上述示例还可以使用数字表示：</p>
<p>chmod 764 aaa.txt</p>
<h5 id="6-Linux-用户管理"><a href="#6-Linux-用户管理" class="headerlink" title="6.Linux 用户管理"></a>6.Linux 用户管理</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">useradd 选项 用户名:添加用户账号</span><br><span class="line">userdel 选项 用户名:删除用户帐号</span><br><span class="line">usermod 选项 用户名:修改帐号</span><br><span class="line">passwd 用户名:更改或创建用户的密码</span><br><span class="line">passwd -S 用户名 :显示用户账号密码信息</span><br><span class="line">passwd -d 用户名: 清除用户密码</span><br><span class="line">su - 用户名：切换登录用户</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="7-Linux系统用户组的管理"><a href="#7-Linux系统用户组的管理" class="headerlink" title="7.Linux系统用户组的管理"></a>7.Linux系统用户组的管理</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">groupadd 选项 用户组 :增加一个新的用户组</span><br><span class="line">groupdel 用户组:要删除一个已有的用户组</span><br><span class="line">groupmod 选项 用户组 : 修改用户组的属性</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="8-其他常用命令"><a href="#8-其他常用命令" class="headerlink" title="8.其他常用命令"></a>8.其他常用命令</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">  pwd： 显示当前所在位置</span><br><span class="line">   grep 要搜索的字符串 要搜索的文件 --color： 搜索命令，--color代表高亮显示</span><br><span class="line">   ps -ef/ps aux： </span><br><span class="line">    这两个命令都是查看当前系统正在运行进程，两者的区别是展示格式不同。</span><br><span class="line">    如果想要查看特定的进程可以使用这样的格式：ps aux|grep redis （查看包括redis字符串的进程）</span><br><span class="line">    注意：如果直接用ps（（Process Status））命令，会显示所有进程的状态，通常结合grep命令查看某进程的状态。</span><br><span class="line">   kill -9 进程的pid： 杀死进程（-9 表示强制终止。）</span><br><span class="line">    先用ps查找进程，然后用kill杀掉</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">网络通信命令</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">查看当前系统的网卡信息：ifconfig</span><br><span class="line">查看与某台机器的连接情况：ping</span><br><span class="line">查看当前系统的端口：netstat</span><br><span class="line">an 所有的连接和端口</span><br><span class="line">tuln 查看正在监听TCP（t）和UDP（u）的端口 ，例如：netstat -tuln | grep LISTEN</span><br><span class="line">rn 查看网关 route -n</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">ln： 创建链接文件</span><br><span class="line">  创建软链接文件：ln -s [源文件] 软连接名称 (硬链接不需-s选项)</span><br><span class="line">软链接特点：权限是所有人都可以访问，并且软连接文件指向源文件。</span><br><span class="line">软链接就像windows系统中的快捷方式一样，特点也都类似。</span><br><span class="line">硬链接：类似copy，硬链接大小和源文件一样，并且是同步更新的。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">shutdown： </span><br><span class="line">shutdown -h now： 指定现在立即关机；</span><br><span class="line">shutdown +5 &quot;System will shutdown after 5 minutes&quot;:指定5分钟后关机，同时送出警告信息给登入用户。</span><br><span class="line">reboot： reboot： 重开机。</span><br><span class="line">reboot -w： 做个重开机的模拟（只有纪录并不会真的重开机）。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
      
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        <div style="text-align:center;color:#ccc;font-size:14px">-------------已经触及底线 <i class="fa fa-paw"></i> 感谢您的阅读-------------</div>
    
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<div class="my_post_copyright">
  <p><span>本文标题:</span>Liunx常用命令整理</p>
  <p><span>文章作者:</span>趙小傑~～</p>
  <p><span>发布时间:</span>2019年06月27日 - 22:40:58</p>
  <p><span>最后更新:</span>2019年06月29日 - 19:44:00</p>
  <p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/2019/06/27/Liunx常用命令整理/" title="Liunx常用命令整理">https://cnsyear.com/2019/06/27/Liunx常用命令整理/</a>
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                    if (end < position + word.length) {
                      end = position + word.length;
                    }
                    if(end > content.length){
                      end = content.length;
                    }
                    slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
                  }

                  // sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count

                  slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
                    if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
                      return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
                    } else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
                      return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
                    } else {
                      return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
                    }
                  });

                  // select top N slices in content

                  var upperBound = parseInt('1');
                  if (upperBound >= 0) {
                    slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
                  }

                  // highlight title and content

                  function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
                    var result = '';
                    var prevEnd = slice.start;
                    slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
                      result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
                      var end = hit.position + hit.length;
                      result += '<b class="search-keyword">' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '</b>';
                      prevEnd = end;
                    });
                    result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
                    return result;
                  }

                  var resultItem = '';

                  if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "</a>";
                  } else {
                    resultItem += "<li><a href='" + articleUrl + "' class='search-result-title'>" + title + "</a>";
                  }

                  slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
                    resultItem += "<a href='" + articleUrl + "'>" +
                      "<p class=\"search-result\">" + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
                      "...</p>" + "</a>";
                  });

                  resultItem += "</li>";
                  resultItems.push({
                    item: resultItem,
                    searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
                    hitCount: hitCount,
                    id: resultItems.length
                  });
                }
              })
            };
            if (keywords.length === 1 && keywords[0] === "") {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-search fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
              resultContent.innerHTML = '<div id="no-result"><i class="fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" /></div>'
            } else {
              resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
                if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
                  return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
                } else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
                  return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
                } else {
                  return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
                }
              });
              var searchResultList = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
              resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
                searchResultList += result.item;
              })
              searchResultList += "</ul>";
              resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
            }
          }

          if ('auto' === 'auto') {
            input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
          } else {
            $('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
            input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
              if (event.keyCode === 13) {
                inputEventFunction();
              }
            });
          }

          // remove loading animation
          $(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
          $('body').css('overflow', '');

          proceedsearch();
        }
      });
    }

    // handle and trigger popup window;
    $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
      e.stopPropagation();
      if (isfetched === false) {
        searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
      } else {
        proceedsearch();
      };
    });

    $('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
    $('.popup').click(function(e){
      e.stopPropagation();
    });
    $(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
      var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 &&
        $('.search-popup').is(':visible');
      if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
        onPopupClose();
      }
    });
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